1789-1914 Long Nineteenth Century

1914-1991 Short Twentieth Century

1815-1848 Liberalism and Conservatism

1815--CONGRESS OF VIENNA

European Conservatism

BALANCE OF POWER

The Great Powers

NATIONALISM

• Do you love your country?
• What is your country?

The Case for Conservatism

• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• Churches
• Prince Metternich of Austria
• What to do with France?

THE RESTORATION

• FRANCE--1815-1830
  • LOUIS XVIII 1815-1824
  • Charles X 1824-1830
• The Struggle with Liberalism

REVOLUTION OF 1830

• Louis Phillippe 1830-1848
• Constitutional Monarchy

Great Britain--Reform Bill of 1832

• Representation

EUROPE--REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

• Restoration of Order 1848-1851

 WOMEN IN A LIBERAL SOCIETY?

• SUFFRAGE?
• EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW?

Olympe de Gouges

Declaration of the Rights of Woman & the Female Citizen 1791

Mary Wollstonecraft

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792

GENDER

• French Civil Code

• Separate Spheres

   

• Nature of Women
  • Home, Church, Children
  • Sexual Purity
• Nature of Men
  • Responsible Masculinity

   

Sexuality

Willam Acton

• Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive Organs 1857

Gender and the Novel--women authors

• Jane Austen 1775-1817
• Mary Shelley 1797-1851
• Charlotte Bronte 1816-1855
  • Jane Eyre 1847
• Elizabeth Gaskell 1810-1865
  • Mrs. Gaskell
• George Eliot 1819-1880
  • Mary Ann Evans

   

SLAVERY

• Free vs. Unfree Labor
• The Enlightenment
  • Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, 1748 (anti-slavery)

American Revolution

French Revolution

• St. Domingue

BRITISH EMPIRE

Slave Trade

Religion

• Evangelical Revival
• Abolitionism
• Slave Trade Abolished 1807

Abolition of Slavery in 19th Century

• Balance of Power Politics
  • Royal Navy anti-slavery Patrols
• Enlightenment & equality
• Evangelical religion & equality

SPANISH EMPIRE (and Portugal)

Independent nations 1816-1830

Slavery abolished:

• Mexico 1829
• Columbia 1851
•  Venezuela 1854
• Brazil 1888

British Empire 1837/8

French Empire: Revolution of 1848

The United States of America 1865

• Civil War--military force

Spanish Empire Cuba 1886

Brazil 1888

SERFDOM--1861

Russian Conservatism

• Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881)
• Serfdom Abolished 1861

Indentured Servitude remained......