Politics of the Enlightenment

• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• Established Church

Politics of Settler Colonies

• Representation
• Taxes and Trade

American Revolution

George III

Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Independence

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal: that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights: that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."

FRENCH REVOLUTION

Louis XVI

• Taxes
• Political Rights--Representation again

Marie-Antoinette

Estates General 1789

• Clergy
• Aristocracy
• Third Estate
  • Bourgeoisie 

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Economics

Urban Revolution

• Paris
• Food Shortages/Bread Riots
• Wage Earners/Shopkeepers/Artisans
• Bastille July 14

Peasant Revolution

• Feudal Dues

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN 1789

"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. The natural ...rights of man...are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.:"

Moderate Phase 1789-1792

• constitutional monarchy
• abolition of aristocracy
• freedom of religion
• uniform administration
• abolition of torture

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen 1791

• Olympe de Gouges
• Equality and Gender

St. Domingue (Haiti )

Toussaint L'Ouverture 1791-93

Slave Revolt/World Revolution

• Equality and Slavery
• Democracy and Race

Radical Phase 1792-1794

Robespierre

• Jacobins
• Convention
• EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI
•  Foreign Invasion
• Nationalism/Patriotism
  • La Marseillaise
• Dechristianization
• Citizen Army
• Male Citizenship
• War and Civil Liberties
• The Terror/Democracy
•  GUILLOTINE
• Execution of Robespierre

Thermidor

The Directory 1794-1799

• Political Stalemate
• Napoleon

Questions for Review:

How did the American and French revolutionaries use Enlightenment ideas to undermine their adversaries?

Why were certain Enlightenment ideas politically subversive?

Could Louis XVI have headed off the French Revolution? How?

Contrast the principles of the moderate and radical phases of the French Revolution.

What do you think of Robespierre?

How did the word "democracy" come to be associated with "terror"?

Why were so many French men and women willing to die to defend the Republic in the 1790s?