DEMOCRACY AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT, 1870-1914

German Unification 1870/1871

• OTTO VON BISMARCK

Italian Unification 1870

European Balance of Power

POLITICS

• Male Suffrage
• Revolutions 1789 1830 1848
• After 1848
  • Electoral politics
  • Demand from below
  • Reform from Above
• Bismarck

NEW LIBERALISM

• Democracy (Radicalism)
  • Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
  • Image of American democracy

   

   

James Mill

• Essay on Government 1820
• What about the tyranny of the majority?

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873

On Liberty 1859

• Self-Regarding Acts
• Other-Regarding Acts
• Free Market in Ideas

Liberty: Greatest Happiness for Great Number

Considerations on Representative Government 1861

• Voting Systems
• The Ballot
• Participation as Education

European "radicalism"

• Male Suffrage
• Universal Education
• Religion: in the schools? or not?
• Votes for Women?

WELFARE STATE

• Unemployment Insurance
• Old Age Pensions
• Health Insurance
  • Germany-1881 (Bismarck)

NEW CONSERVATISM

• Imperialism
• Military
• The Churches
• Social class in cities--suburbs
• Conservative voters

LABOR MOVEMENT

• "Who Gets The Money?"
• Labor unions
  • Transparency of Exploitation
  • Collective Bargaining
  • Solidarity in working class communities
    • "scabs"
  • Cooperative societies

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

  Labor Unions

• England--1 million by 1874
• Germany
  • 1900 -- 850,000
  • 1914 -- 4 million
• U.S.A.
  • 1897 -- 500,000
  • 1904 -- 2 million

• Labor politics?
• Socialism and Democracy

 Questions for Review:

How did the unification of Germany and Italy change the European balance of power?

What were the strongest arguments against democracy in the nineteenth century?

How did the proponents of democracy counter those arguments?

What accounts for the rise of labor unions in the nineteenth century?