European Empires & War

I. End of the First World War

Russian

• New Soviet Empire
• Stalin's nationalities policy

German

Austro-Hungarian

• Independent Nations

Ottoman Empire

France

• Syria
• Lebanon

Great Britain

• Palestine
• Jordan
• Iraq (Kuwait)

Western Empires

De-Colonization--20th Century

Non-western Anti-imperialism

• Nationalism
• Anti-racism
• Anti-Imperialism
• Education
• Intellectuals 

Self-Government and White Privilege

"Anglo-Saxon Peoples"

• Canada-Dominion 1867
• Australia (1901)
• New Zealand (1907)
• South Africa (1910)
• Irish Free State (1922)

Anti-Imperialism and Democracy

India

• Indian National Congress 1885
• Muslim League 1906

Mahatma Gandhi

• simplicity
• non-violent resistance
• economic self-sufficiency

II. End of the Second World War

British Empire

• economic decline
• cold war
• relations with America
• rise of anti-imperialism
• partitions
  • India/Pakistan 1947
  • Israel/Jordan 1947

British Commonwealth

Parliamentary government in India

Britain: NATO/European Community

Africa: race and "civilization"

• Mau Mau" war 1950s
• Apartheid in South Africa

French Empire

• civilizing mission
• Vietnam: communism and nationalism
• Algeria

China

Anti-Imperialism and Communism

Chinese Revolution 1911

Political Instability/War with Japan

Civil War with Communists

End of Second World War

China

• Mao Zedong
• People's Republic 1949: end of western influence
• Marxism-Leninism and anti-imperialist nationalism
• Nationalism and Communism
• Economic Development
• 1960s: Great Cultural Revolution

   

Africa 1950s-1960s

• Missionary Factor
• Mission Schools and Nationalism
• Conversions to Christianity
• Secular Nationalism
  • Ghana 1957
    • Kwame Nkrumah
  • Nigeria 1960
  • Kenya 1963
    • Jomo Kenyatta
    • Facing Mount Kenya (1938)

The Cold War Period, 1945-1991

The American Empire?

• Anti-communism
• Democracy and free elections
• Nuclear weapons
• Global military intervention
  • military bases
  • proxy wars
• Corporate capitalism
  • enforcing free trade
  • monetary stability (IMF)
  • economic development (World Bank)
• National Security State/Democracy
  • no declarations of war
  • covert action abroad (CIA)
  • intelligence gathering
  • CIA
  • National Security Agency
  • domestic subversion (FBI)

   

The Soviet Empire

• Communism
• Nuclear weapons
• State planning
• Global struggle for influence
• Military intervention
• Domestic repression
  • Labor camps

China

• Independence from Soviet sphere
• State Planning
• Massive domestic repression

India--a third way?

• Jawaharlal Nehru
• Democracy: world's largest
• State planning instead of capitalism
• Economic protectionism
• Domestic vs. Foreign Capital
• Threat of war with Pakistan?
• Poverty

The Third World?

Bandung Conference 1955

• Egypt
  • Secular Arab nationalism
  • Gamal Abdel Nasser
• Indonesia (1949)
• India (1947)
  • Nehru
  • Five Year Plans
• Non-alignment