European Empires & War

One of the Big Stories of the Twentieth Century: The End of the European Empires

End of the First World War

Russian

• New Soviet Empire
• Stalin's nationalities policy

German

Austro-Hungarian

• Independent Nations

Ottoman Empire

Expansion of European Overseas Empires

France

• Syria
• Lebanon

Great Britain

• Palestine
• Iraq (Kuwait)

Western Empires

De-Colonization--20th Century

• Nationalism
• Anti-racism
• Anti-Imperialism
• Education
• Intellectuals 

Self-Government and White Privilege

"Anglo-Saxon Peoples"

• Canada-Dominion 1867
• Australia (1901)
• New Zealand (1907)
• South Africa (1910)
• Irish Free State (1922)

Anti-Imperialism and Democracy

India

• Indian National Congress 1885
• Muslim League 1906

Mahatma Gandhi

• simplicity
• non-violent resistance
• economic self-sufficiency

China

Chinese Revolution 1911

Chinese Republic

Dr. Sun Yat Sen

Political Instability/War with Japan

Anti-Imperialism and Communism  

End of the Second World War

British Empire

• economic decline
• cold war
• relations with America
• rise of anti-imperialism
• partitions
  • India/Pakistan 1947
  • Israel/Jordan 1948

British Commonwealth

Parliamentary government in India

Britain: NATO/European Community

French Empire

• civilizing mission
• Vietnam
• Algeria

China

• Mao Zedong
• People's Republic 1949
• Marxism-Leninism
• Nationalism and Communism
• Economic Development

   

Africa 1950s-1960s

• Kenya/Mau Mau insurrection 1950s
• South Africa: Apartheid

The Spread of Christianity in Africa

• Missionary Christianity: Protestant & Catholic
  •  
• African Independent Churches
• Pentecostalism
  • Spirit-led Worship
• "Speaking in Tongues"

The Cold War Period, 1945-1991

The American Empire

• Anti-communism
• Nuclear weapons
• Global military intervention
  • military bases
  • proxy wars
  • no declarations of war
  • covert action abroad (CIA)
• Corporate capitalism
• Is this an empire, or not?

   

The Soviet Empire

• Communism
• Nuclear weapons
• State planning
• Global struggle for influence
• Military intervention

China

• Independence from Soviet sphere
• State Planning
• Massive domestic repression

India--a third way?

• Democracy
• State planning
• Economic protection
• Domestic vs. Foreign Capital
• Threat of war with Pakistan?
• Poverty

The Third World?

Bandung Conference 1955

• Egypt
• Indonesia
• India
• Non-Aligned Movement 1961