Religious Revival

The Evangelical Revival

• Methodism
• Dissent (Congregationalists, Baptists)
• Church of England

What is a Christian Church?

Defining the Church of England

• The Established Church (Crown)
• Church as Visible Institution (Bishops)
  • Episcopal
  • Apostolic Succession

"High Church" Anglicans

• Authority of Bishops
• Church = those baptized into the Church

Erastians

• A branch of the government
• Church = all Christians in England
• Liberal theology (some of them)

Evangelicals

• Religion of the heart
• Establishment as expedient
• True church = all true believers

Reform

• Test/Corporation Repeal 1828
• Catholic Emancipation 1829
• Reform of The Church of Ireland
  • Established
  • Episcopal
  • Protestant
  • Under 10% of population

Irish Church Act 1833

• Reduced number of bishops
• Can a government abolish a bishop?

The Oxford Movement

John Henry Newman 1801-1890

John Keble 1792-1866

Hurrell Froude 1803-1836

University Church of St. Mary theVirgin

Tracts for the Times

• "Tractarians"
• Tract 90--1841
• Anglo-Catholicism

"The Parting of Friends" 1843

Conversion to Rome 1845

• Apostolic Succession

Anglo-Catholicism: Ritualism

• The mass
• Confession
• Incense
• Bells
• Signs of the Cross
• Bowing

Church Parties (Church of England)

• Evangelical
• Liberal (Broad Church)
• Old High Church (high and dry)
• Anglo-Catholic (ritualist)

Gothic Revival

August Welby Pugin 1812-1852

Contrasts 1836

Parliament (Charles Barry) 

St. Pancras Station (Gilbert Scott)

1 2 3 4 5

Iowa City

• Victorian Nonconformity

Dissenters

Baptists and Congregationalists

• The invisible church: all believers
• The visible church: the local congregation
  • Democratic and self-governing
  • Growing

Methodism

• Ministerial hierarchy
• Lay preachers/local control
• Political conservatism
• Growing
• Disruptions:
  • Primitive Methodism 1811
  • United Methodist Free Church 1857

Us vs. Them: Nonconformist Identity

Chapel architecture: Matlock, Derbyshire

Nonconformist philanthropy

• Mission halls
• Ragged School Union 1844

Temperance movement

• Feminism
• Taking the pledge
• Children
• Band of Hope 1847
• United Kingdom Alliance 1853
• Local Option

Nonconformist politics

• Civil disabilities
• Church rates (taxes)
• Education
• Disestablishment?
  • Anti-State Church Association 1844

1851 Census of Church Attendance

• Nonconformists: nearly 50%

What were the different theories used to justify to privileged position of the Church of England?

Why did many people think this was important?

What did it mean to be a "Nonconformist" in mid-nineteenth century England?