30:349: Democracy and Democratization
Spring 2011, 143 SH, 1:30 – 4:20 Mondays

William M. Reisinger

317 Schaeffer   335-2351

william-reisinger@uiowa.edu

Office hours 2:30 – 4:00 T,Th or by appointment

Understanding why democratization begins and why democracies succeed or fail is crucial to grasping worldwide political dynamics in our era.  Approximately one-third of this seminar involves examining rival understandings and practices of democracy, including regime types that mix democratic and authoritarian elements.  During the remainder of the semester, we will build on this by analyzing the wide-ranging literature on democratization, including theories that give priority to longer-term shifts in economic structures or attitudes, and theories that focus on short-term dynamics, such as transitological, institutional and game-theoretic approaches.  By the end of the semester, I hope you will have a solid grounding in the issues and debates surrounding democracy and democratization, primarily as they have played out in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. 

The assigned readings fall into several categories.  1) I have uploaded several of the readings as pdf files to the course’s ICON website, in the Content Section, under the heading Other Readings.  I indicate the latter below with {icon}.  2) The journal articles are available to you online at no charge through the UI Library.  I have not put links to these articles on ICON, being sure you are all past masters at acquiring articles this way.  3) When a reading is a book chapter or section, you will need to get the book from the Library’s Reserve Room.  Typically, students collaborate to make themselves copies of such readings.  The Dahl and Przeworski et al. books are also on reserve.  4) In several cases, the Library owns the book as an online resource, which I have indicated next to the item as {online}.  For these items, go to the UI Library’s main page, enter the book’s title into Smart Search and follow the links to the page for reading the book online or printing off a chapter.  If you have any difficulties in getting any assigned reading, send me an e-mail right away.

We will read all or most of the following books.  They are on sale at Iowa Book:

Dahl, Robert A.  1989.  Democracy and Its Critics (New Haven: Yale University Press). 

Przeworski, Adam, et al.  2000.  Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990 (New York: Cambridge University Press).

The following is on sale as a recommended purchase.  It is a collection of articles from the Journal of Democracy, and all its contents are available as free downloads.  I have ordered copies in case some of you would prefer to have them in book form.  I have assigned 14 of the 27 chapters.  Those chapters are listed below with both their journal citations and the following: *Also in D&P, ch. X.

Diamond, Larry and Marc Plattner, eds.  2009.  Democracy: A Reader (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press). 

I would like to hear from anyone who has a disability which may require seating modifications or accommodations of class requirements, so that appropriate arrangements may be made.  Please make an appointment to meet with me outside of class to discuss this.

Course Requirements

Your grade for the course will be based on your performance in the four areas below.  For each component of the course grade, I assign a numerical score.  I then calculate the course grade with the weighted average of the component scores.  Scores of 90-100 correspond to A, 80-89 to B, etc., with plusses and minuses for the top and bottom third of each decile. 

1)     Class attendance and performance--worth 30% of the course grade.  I am looking for you to show that you have read and critically evaluated the assigned readings and are engaged with our in-class discussions.  For most weeks, the total pages of assigned readings will be near or below 150 pp., modest by the standards of seminars in the Political Science doctoral program.  The two large exceptions are the weeks when we read the bulk of Dahl (296 pp.) and all of Przeworski et al. plus two related studies (300 pp.)  Another week with relatively extensive reading required is March 7 (235 pp.)  You should plan your reading accordingly. 

2)     Book review of Dahl worth 15% of the course grade.  It is due by 9:00 am on January 31.  (I need time to read and process them before our class.)  You should send it to me via e-mail.  It should be roughly 1,500 words (5 pp. double-spaced) in length.  I will pass out the details of the assignment on January 24.

3)     Comprehensive exam question and class discussion, worth 15% of the course grade.  For one class session, you will submit a question covering the material for that class session.  Look over the topics of each class session below and let me know (in person or by phone or e-mail) which topic you will do.  (Choose one after January 31, please.)  You should e-mail your question to me and the other students by 9:00 am on the day of the class session.  You will then discuss your question in class, explaining why you wrote it the way you did and leading a discussion of what major points a good answer should provide.  The course ICON site has a document with examples from recent Comparative Politics comprehensive exams of questions that dealt with democracy or democratization.  If you are not a Political Science doctoral student, discuss with me what differences in question format would be appropriate. 

4)     Research design paper worth 40% of the course grade.  Your research design will take the form of a grant proposal to an agency that supports major research projects related to democracy or democratization.  Each of you should consult with me about what agency that will be.  For Political Science doctoral students, the National Science Foundation or the Social Science Research Council are examples of agencies supporting major research projects.  I have uploaded to ICON the proposal requirements for several agencies.  You must have my agreement on the agency you will be proposing to and your area of research no later than February 28.  Generally, I will expect the papers to be approximately 15 pp. (4,800-5,000 words) in length.  Important things I will be looking for are: a) evidence that you know the relevant literature; b) a research question that builds on that literature; c) why knowing the answer would be valuable—either to scholarship or to the world; and d) how you propose to answer the question in a methodologically appropriate and feasible manner.  You must submit a complete version of the paper by April 11.  I will give you my reactions so that you can revise the paper.  Although I will not grade this first version, I will lower the grade for the final version if the first version is substantially incomplete, unsatisfactory or submitted late.  The revised version is due on May 9, the Monday of finals week.  (You are welcome to submit it earlier.)  Again, I will subtract points if this version is substantially incomplete, unsatisfactory or submitted late.  You must upload both versions of this paper to the Dropbox on the course ICON site.

For all the written assignments above, observe these formatting issues: Your file should be in one of the standard Windows formats; I use Microsoft Word.  Margins should be no smaller than .7 inches.  Line spacing should be at least 1.5.  The fonts should be a common one (Times New Roman, Arial, Verdana, Century Schoolbook, etc.)  The font size should be 12.  Citations should be in-text as per APSR or a similar (APA, e.g.) style, with a list of references at the end. 

I will give a grade of Incomplete for the course only when extreme and unavoidable circumstances prevent you from turning in the final version of your major paper on time. 

 

I. Understandings and Practices of Democracy

Understandings of Democracy: Outcomes and Procedures (January 24)

In Republican governments, men are equal; equal they are also in despotic governments: in the former, because they are everything; in the latter because they are nothing.
Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, Book VI, ch. 2.

Required:

Reisinger, “Timeline of Ancient and Medieval Democracy.” {icon}

Reisinger, “Definitions of Democracy.” {icon}

Schmitter, Philippe C. and Terry Lynn Karl.  1991.  “What Democracy Is. . . And Is Not,” Journal of Democracy 2 #3, 75-88.  *Also in D&P, ch. 1. 

Beetham, David.  1999.  Democracy and Human Rights (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers), ch. 5. 

Przeworski, Adam.  1999.  “Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense,” in Ian Shapiro and Casiano Hacker-Cordon, eds., Democracy’s Value (New York: Cambridge University Press), 23-55. 

Dowding, Keith, Robert B. Goodin and Carole Pateman.  2004.  “Introduction: Between Justice and Democracy,” in Keith Dowding, Robert B. Goodin and Carole Pateman, eds., Justice and Democracy: Essays for Brian Barry (New York: Cambridge University Press), 1-24. {online}

Tilly, Charles.  2007.  Democracy.  (New York: Cambridge University Press), ch. 1, 1‑15. 

Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel.  1969.  “The Concept of Representation,” in Hanna Fenichel Pitkin, ed., Representation (New York: Atherton Press), 1-23.   

Wessels, Bernhard.  2007.  “Political Representation and Democracy,” in Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior (New York: Oxford University Press), 833-849. {online} 

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Downs, Anthony.  1957.  An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper and Row).

Pitkin, Hanna.  1967.  The Concept of Representation (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Aron, Raymond.  1969.  Democracy and Totalitarianism (New York: Praeger).

Lowi, Theodore J.  1969.  The End of Liberalism; Ideology, Policy, and the Crisis of Public Authority (New York: Norton).

Budge, Ian.  1970.  Agreement and the Stability of Democracy (Chicago: Markham).

Pocock, J.G.A.  1975.  The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

Dworkin, Ronald.  1981.  “What is Equality? Part 1: Equality of Welfare,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10 #3, 185-246.

Dworkin, Ronald.  1981.  “What is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10 #4, 283-345.

Dworkin, Ronald.  1987. “What is Equality? Part 3: The Place of Liberty,” Iowa Law Review 73, 1-54.

Bobbio, Norberto.  1987.  The Future of Democracy: A Defence of the Rules of the Game (Cambridge: Polity Press).

Sartori, Giovanni.  1987.  The Theory of Democracy Revisited (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House).

Hartz, Louis.  1990.  The Necessity of Choice: Nineteenth Century Political Thought (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction).

Bobbio, Norberto.  1990.  Liberalism and Democracy (New York: Verso).

Harrison, Ross.  1993.  Democracy (London: Routledge).

March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen.  1995.  Democratic Governance (New York: The Free Press).

Elklit, Jorgen and Palle Svensson.  1997.  “What Makes Elections Free and Fair?” Journal of Democracy 8 #3 (July), 32-46.  *Also in D&P, ch. 2.

Przeworski, Adam, Susan C. Stokes and Bernard Manin.  1999.  Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Goodhart, Michael.  2006.  Democracy as Human Rights: Freedom and Equality in the Age of Globalization (New York: Routledge).

McGann, Anthony.  2004.  “The Tyranny of the Supermajority: How Majority Rule Protects Minorities,” Journal of Theoretical Politics 16 #1 (January), 53-77.

Rehfeld, Andrew.  2009.  “Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy,” American Political Science Review 103 #02 (May), 214-230.

 

Democracy and Its Critics (1989) (January 31)

Required:

Dahl, chs. 1-21

 

Universal or Culture-Bound? (February 7)   

Required:

Zakharia, Fareed.  1994.  “Culture Is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew,” Foreign Affairs 73 #2 (Mar.-Apr.), 109-114 and from the bottom of p. 117 (beginning with “FZ: Culture may be important”) through p. 119.

Sartori, Giovanni.  1995.  “How Far Can Free Government Travel?” Journal of Democracy 6 #3 (July), 101-111.  *Also in D&P, ch. 4. 

Fukuyama, Francis.  1995.  “Confucianism and Democracy,” Journal of Democracy 6 #2 (April), 20-33.  *Also in D&P, ch. 23.

Sen, Amartya.  1999.  “Democracy as a Universal Value,” Journal of Democracy 10 #3 (July), 3-17.  *Also in D&P, ch. 21.

Ibrahim, Anwar.  2006.  “Universal Values and Muslim Democracy,” Journal of Democracy 17 #3 (July), 5-12.  *Also in D&P, ch. 26.  

Yu, Keping.  2009.  “Democracy is a Good Thing,” in Democracy is a Good Thing (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), 3-5. {online}

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Knutsen, Carl Henrik.  2010.  “Investigating the Lee Thesis: How Bad is Democracy for Asian Economies?” European Political Science Review 2 #3 (October), 451-473.

 

Hybrids and Mixed Cases (February 14)

Required:

O’Donnell, Guillermo.  1994.  “Delegative Democracy,” Journal of Democracy 5 #1 (January), 55-69.  *Also in D&P, ch. 3.  

Collier, David and Steven Levitsky.  1997.  “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research,” World Politics 49 #3 (April), 430-451. 

Diamond, Larry.  2002.  “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes,” Journal of Democracy 13 #2 (April), 21-35.  *Also in D&P, ch. 16. 

Merkel, Wolfgang.  2004.  “Embedded and Defective Democracies,” Democratization 11 #1 (December), 33‑58. 

Munck, Gerardo L.  2009.  Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), ch 2: “Drawing Boundaries: How to Craft Intermediate Regime Categories.” {online}  

Bogaards, Matthijs.  2009.  “How to Classify Hybrid Regimes? Defective Democracy and Electoral Authoritarianism,” Democratization 16 #2 (April), 399-423.

Moeller, Jorgen and Svend-Erik Skaaning.  2010.  “Beyond the Radial Delusion: Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy and Non-Democracy,” International Political Science Review 31 #3 (June), 261‑284. 

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Linz, Juan.  1975.  “Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes,” in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley), 175-411.

Morlino, Leonardo.  2009.  “Are There Hybrid Regimes? Or are They Just an Optical Illusion?” European Political Science Review 1 #2 (July), 273-296.

Quantifying Democracy (February 21)

Required:

Freedom House.  2010.  Freedom in the World: Methodology.  Focus on pp. 1‑6; skim 7‑15. {icon} 

Marshall, Monty, Ted Robert Gurr and Keith Jaggers.  2010.  Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2009, Dataset Users’ Manual (Severn, MD: Center for Systematic Peace), 1-4, 13-17, 29-31. {icon} 

Bertelsmann Stiftung.  2010.  Transformation Index of the Bertelsmann Stiftung 2010: Manual for Country Assessments (Munich: Bertelsmann Stiftung), 1‑10, 15‑25. {icon}

Landman, Todd, et al.   2008.  Assessing the Quality of Democracy: An Overview of the International IDEA Framework (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance). {icon}  

Treier, Shawn and Simon Jackman.  2008.  “Democracy as a Latent Variable,” American Journal of Political Science 52 #1 (January), 201‑217.  

Munck, Gerardo L.  2009.  Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), chs. 2 & 4. {online}  

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Inkeles, Alex.  1991.  On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants (New Brunswick, NJ: Transactions Books).

Beetham, David, et al.  2008.  Assessing the Quality of Democracy: A Practical Guide (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance).  [Much more detail about the questions assessors can ask about a country’s democracy.]

Bogaards, Matthijs.  2010.  “Measures of Democratization: From Degree to Type to War,” Political Research Quarterly 63 #2 (June), 475-488.  

 

II. Democratization in the Long-Term--Structural Theories

Socioeconomic Change/Development/Modernization (February 28)

èTopic and agency for research-design papers due today.

Required:

Lipset, Seymour Martin.  1960.  Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press) [expanded edition (1981)], ch. 2: “Economic Development and Democracy.” 

Burkhart, Ross E. and Michael S. Lewis-Beck.  1994.  “Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development Thesis,” American Political Science Review 88 #4 (December), 903-910..   

Muller, Edward N.  1997.  “Economic Determinants of Democracy,” in Manus I. Midlarsky, ed., Inequality, Democracy and Economic Development (New York: Cambridge University Press), 133-155. 

Houle, Christian.  2009.  “Inequality and Democracy: Why Inequality Harms Consolidation but Does Not Affect Democratization,” World Politics 61 #4 (October), 589-622. 

Kennedy, Ryan.  2010.  “The Contradiction of Modernization: A Conditional Model of Endogenous Democratization,” The Journal of Politics 72 #3 (July), 785-798.

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Lerner, Daniel.  1958.  The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (Glencoe, IL: Free Press).

Apter, David E.  1965.  The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

Moore, Barrington, Jr.  1966.  Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (Boston: Beacon Press).

Binder, Leonard, et al.  1971.  Crises and Sequences in Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

Vanhanen, Tatu.  1984.  The Emergence of Democracy: A Comparative Study of 119 States, 1850-1979 (Helsinki: Finnish Society of Arts and Letters).

Vanhanen, Tatu.  1990.  The Process of Democratization: A Comparative Study of 147 States 1980-1988 (Bristol, PA: Crane and Rusak).

Almond, Gabriel A.  1990.  “The Development of Political Development,” in Gabriel A. Almond, ed., A Discipline Divided: Schools and Sects in Political Science (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage), 219-262.

Almond, Gabriel A.  1991.  “Capitalism and Democracy,” PS: Political Science and Politics 24 #3, 467-474.

Hadenius, Axel.  1992.  Democracy and Development (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Vanhanen, Tatu.  1992.  Strategies of Democratization (Bristol, PA: Crane Russak).

Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Evelyn Huber Stephens and John D. Stephens.  1992.  Capitalist Development and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

Lipset, Seymour Martin.  1994.  “The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address,” American Sociological Review 59 #1 (February), 1-22.

Coppedge, Michael.  1997.  “Modernization and Thresholds of Democracy: Evidence for a Common Path and Process,” in Manus I. Midlarsky, ed., Inequality, Democracy and Economic Development (New York: Cambridge University Press), 177-201. 

Vanhanen, Tatu.  1997.  Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries (New York: Routledge).

Berman, Sheri E.  2001.  “Modernization in Historical Perspective: The Case of Imperial Germany,” World Politics 53 #3 (April), 431-462.

Foweraker, Joe and Todd Landman.  2004.  “Economic Development and Democracy Revisited: Why Dependency Theory Is Not Yet Dead,” Democratization 11 #1 (February), 1-20.

 

Attitudinal and Value Change/Culture (March 7)

Required:

Almond, Gabriel A. and Sydney Verba.  1963.  The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Princeton: Princeton University Press), chs. 1, 6-7 and 15. 

Barry, Brian.  1970.  Sociologists, Economists and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), ch. 3.  (If you are unfamiliar with Barry’s arguments in this book, you may want to read ch. 1 and skim other chapters.)  

Muller, Edward N. and Mitchell A. Seligson.  1994.  “Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships,” American Political Science Review 88 #3 (September), 635-652.

Reisinger, William M.  1995.  “The Renaissance of a Rubric: Political Culture as Concept and Theory,” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7 #4, 328-352.  

Fuchs, Dieter.  2007.  “The Political Culture Paradigm,” in Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior (New York: Oxford University Press), 161-184. {online}

Welzel, Christian and Ronald Inglehart.  2007.  “Mass Beliefs and Democratic Institutions,” in Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (New York: Oxford University Press), 297-316. {online}  

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Key, V. O.  1961.  Public Opinion and American Democracy (New York: Knopf).

Eckstein, Harry.  1966.  Division and Cohesion in Democracy: A Study of Norway (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

Inkeles, Alex and David H. Smith.  1974.  Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).

Eckstein, Harry and Ted Robert Gurr.  1975.  Patterns of Authority: A Structural Basis for Political Inquiry (New York: John Wiley & Sons).

Inglehart, Ronald.  1977.  The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

Almond, Gabriel A. and Sydney Verba.  1980.  The Civic Culture Revisited: An Analytic Study (Boston: Little, Brown).

Eckstein, Harry.  1988.  “A Culturalist Theory of Political Change,” American Political Science Review 82 #3 (September), 789-804.

Pye, Lucian W.  1988.  The Mandarin and the Cadre: China’s Political Cultures (Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan).

Inglehart, Ronald.  1990.  Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

Thompson, Michael, Richard Ellis and Aaron Wildavsky.  1990.  Cultural Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview).

Putnam, Robert D.  1993.  Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

Abramson, Paul R. and Ronald Inglehart.  1995.  Value Change in Global Perspective (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press).

Inglehart, Ronald.  1997.  Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

Eckstein, Harry.  1998.  “Congruence Theory Explained,” in Harry Eckstein, Frederick J. Fleron, Jr., Erik P. Hoffmann and William M. Reisinger, eds., Can Democracy Take Root in Post-Soviet Russia? Explorations in State-Society Relations (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield), 3-33.

Seligson, Mitchell A.  2002.  “The Renaissance of Political Culture or the Renaissance of the Ecological Fallacy?” Comparative Politics 34 #3, 273-292.

Inglehart, Ronald and Christian Welzel.  2005.  Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Pop-Eleches, Grigore.  2007.  “Historical Legacies and Post-Communist Regime Change,” Journal of Politics 69 #4 (November), 908-926.

Shin, Doh Chull.  2007.  “Democratization: Perspectives from Global Citizenries,” in Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior (New York: Oxford University Press), 259-282.

Sabetti, Filippo.  2007.  “Democracy and Civic Culture,” in Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (New York: Oxford University Press), 340-362.

Inglehart, Ronald and Christian Welzel.  2010.  “Changing Mass Priorities: The Link between Modernization and Democracy,” Perspectives on Politics 8 #2 (June), 551‑567.

III. Democratization in the Short Term

Transitology (March 21)

Required:

Rustow, Dankwart A.  1970.  “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model,” Comparative Politics 2 #3 (April), 337-363. 

Przeworski, Adam.  1986.  “Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy,” in Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy, Part III (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), 47-63. 

Schmitter, Philippe C. and Terry Lynn Karl.  1994.  “The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They Attempt to Go?” Slavic Review 53 #1 (Spring), 173-185. 

Bunce, Valerie.  1995.  “Should Transitologists Be Grounded?” Slavic Review 54 #1 (Spring), 111-127. 

Melville, Andrei.  2000.  “Post-Communist Russia as a Challenge to Transition Theories,” in Stuart S. Nagel, ed., Handbook of Global Political Policy (New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.), 461-488.

Carothers, Thomas.  2002.  “The End of the Transition Paradigm,”  Journal of Democracy 13 #1 (January), 5‑21.  *Also in D&P, ch. 6.

Bunce, Valerie and Sharon L. Wolchick.  2010.  “Defeating Dictators: Electoral Change and Stability in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes,” World Politics 62 #1 (January), 43-86. 

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

O’Donnell, Guillermo and Philippe C. Schmitter.  1986.  “Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies,” in Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions From Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy, Part IV (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), 1-72.

Levine, Daniel H.  1988.  “Paradigm Lost: Dependence to Democracy,” World Politics 40 #3 (April), 377-394. 

Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset.  1988.  Democracy in Developing Countries (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reiner), 4 vols.

di Palma, Giuseppe.  1990.  To Craft Democracies: An Essay on Democratic Transitions (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Karl, Terry Lynn.  1991.  “Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America,” in Dankwart A. Rustow and Kenneth Paul Erickson, eds., Comparative Political Dynamics: Global Research Perspectives (New York: HarperCollins), 163-191.

Przeworski, Adam.  1991.  Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press).

John Higley and Richard Gunther, eds.  1992.  Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Huntington, Samuel P.  1991.  The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press).

Olson, Mancur.  1993.  “Dictatorship, Democracy and Development,” American Political Science Review 87 #3 (September), 567-576. 

Haggard, Stephan and Robert R. Kaufman.  1995.  The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

Levi, Margaret.  1999.  “Death and Taxes: Extractive Equality and the Development of Democratic Institutions,” in Ian Shapiro and Casiano Hacker-Cordon, eds., Democracy's Value (New York: Cambridge University Press), 112-131.

Hadenius, Axel and Jan Teorell.  2007.  “Pathways from Authoritarianism,” Journal of Democracy 18 #1 (January), 143-156.

 

Game Theoretic Models (March 28)

Required: 

Colomer, Josep H.  2000.  Strategic Transitions: Game Theory and Democratization (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), Introduction, ch. 2, Conclusion and Appendix B.  

Ulfelder, Jay.  2010.  Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation: A Game-Theory Approach (Boulder, CO: FirstForumPress), chs. 1-2 and 7.  

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson and James D. Morrow.  2003.  The Logic of Political Survival (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

Przeworski, Adam.  2005.  “Democracy as an Equilibrium,” Public Choice 123 #3 (June), 253-273.

Acemoglu, Daron and James A Robinson.  2006.  Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (New York: Cambridge University Press).

McGann, Anthony.  2006.  The Logic of Democracy: Reconciling Equality, Deliberation, and Minority Protection (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press).

 

International Influences (April 4)

Required:

Gershman, Carl.  2004.  “Democracy Promotion: The Relationship of Political Parties and Civil Society,” Democratization 11 #3 (June), 27-35. 

Knack, Stephen.  2004.  “Does Foreign Aid Promote Democracy?” International Studies Quarterly 48 #1 (March), 251-266. 

Levitsky, Steven and Lucan Way.  2005.  “International Linkage and Democratization,” Journal of Democracy 16 #3 (July), 20-34.  *Also in D&P, ch. 20. 

Bunce, Valerie and Sharon L. Wolchick.  2006.  “Favorable Conditions and Electoral Revolutions,” Journal of Democracy 17 #4 (October), 5-18. 

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and George Downs.  2006.  “Intervention and Democracy,” International Organization 60 #3 (July), 627-649.

Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Michael D. Ward.  2006.  “Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization,” International Organization 60 #4 (October), 911-933. 

Finkel, Steven E., Aníbal S. Pérez Liñan and Mitchell A. Seligson.  2007.  “The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building , 1990–2003,” World Politics 59 #3 (April), 404-440.  

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Cox, Michael G., John Ikenberry and Takashi Inoguchi. eds.  2000.  American Democracy Promotion, Impulses, Strategies, and Impacts, (New York: Oxford University Press 2000.

Kopstein, Jeffrey S. and David A. Reilly.  2000.  “Geographic Diffusion and the Transformation of the Postcommunist World,” World Politics 53 #1 (October), 1-37.

Ottaway, Marina and Thomas Carothers, eds.  2000.  Funding Virtue: Civil Society Aid and Democracy Promotion (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace).

Mendelson, Sarah E. and John K. Glenn, eds.  2002.  The Power and Limits of NGOs : A Critical Look at Building Democracy in Eastern Europe and Eurasia (New York: Columbia University Press).

Carothers, Thomas.  2004.  Critical Mission: Essays on Democracy Promotion (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace).

Newman, Edward and Roland Rich.  2004.  The UN Role in Promoting Democracy: Between Ideals and Reality. 

Monten, Jonathan.  2005.  “The Roots of the Bush Doctrine: Power, Nationalism, and Democracy Promotion in U.S. Strategy,” International Security 29 #4 (Spring), 112‑156.

Hyde, Susan D.  2007.  “The Observer Effect in International Politics: Evidence from a Natural Experiment,” World Politics 60 #1 (October), 37-63.

National Research Council, Committee on Evaluation of US AID Democracy Assistance Programs.  2008.  Improving Democracy Assistance: Building Knowledge Through Evaluations and Research.  (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press).  Free download from .

Barany, Zoltan and Robert G. Moser, eds.  2009.  Is Democracy Exportable? (New York: Cambridge).

McFaul, Michael.  2009.  Advancing Democracy Abroad: Why We Should and How We Can (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).  

 

IV. Democratic Longevity

Institutional Choices (April 11)

èFirst version of papers due today.

Required:

Lijphart, Arend.  1999.  Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (New Haven, CN: Yale University Press), chs. 1, 14, 16 & 17.   

Power, Timothy J. and Mark J. Gasiorowski.  1997.  “Institutional Design and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World,” Comparative Political Studies 30 #2 (April), 123‑155. 

Stepan, Alfred.  1999.  “Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model,” Journal of Democracy 10 #4 (October), 19-34.   *Also in D&P, ch. 11.   

Colomer, Josep H.  2001.  Political Institutions: Democracy and Social Choice (New York: Oxford University Press).

Elgie, Robert.  2005.  “Variations on a Theme,” Journal of Democracy 16 #3 (July), 98-112.  

Fish, M. Steven.  2006.  “Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies,” Journal of Democracy 17 #1 (January), 5-20.   *Also in D&P, ch. 14.   

Horowitz, Donald L.  2006.  “Constitutional Courts: A Primer for Decision Makers,” Journal of Democracy 17 #4 (October), 125-137.   *Also in D&P, ch. 13.   

Sing, Ming.  2010.  “Explaining Democratic Survival Globally (1946-2002),” The Journal of Politics 72 #2 (April), 438-455.  

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Rae, Douglas W.  1967.  The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws (New Haven: Yale University Press).

Lijphart, Arend.  1968.  The Politics of Accommodation (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Lijphart, Arend.  1977.  Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration (New Haven: Yale University Press).

Powell, G. Bingham.  1982.  Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability and Violence (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).

Horowitz, Donald L.  1985.  Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Taagepera, Rein and Matthew Soberg Shugart.  1989.  Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems (New Haven: Yale University Press).

Shugart, Matthew Soberg and John M. Carey.  1992.  Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Mainwaring, Scott.  1993.  “Presidentialism, Multipartism and Democracy,” Comparative Political Studies 26 #2 (July), 198-228. 

Lijphart, Arend.  1994.  Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990 (New York: Oxford University Press).

Sartori, Giovanni.  1994.  Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes (New York: New York University Press).

Reynolds, Andrew.  1995.  “Constitutional Engineering in Southern Africa,” Journal of Democracy 6 #3 (April), 85-99.

Barkan, Joel D.  1995.  “Elections in Agrarian Societies,” Journal of Democracy 6 #4 (October), 106-116.

Reynolds, Andrew.  1995.  “The Case for Proportionality,” Journal of Democracy 6 #4 (October), 117-124.

Crepaz, Markus M. L., Thomas A. Koelble and David Wilsford, eds.  2000.  Democracy and Institutions: The Life Work of Arend Lijphart (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press).

Fish, M. Steven.  2005.  Democracy Derailed: The Failure of Open Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Barkan, Joel D., Paul J. Densham and Gerard Rushton.  2006.  “Space Matters: Designing Better Electoral Systems for Emerging Democracies,” American Journal of Political Science 50 #4 (October), 926-934.

Fish, M. Steven and Matthew Kroenig.  2009.  The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Vatter, Adrian.  2009.  “Lijphart Expanded: Three Dimensions of Democracy in Advanced OECD Countries?,” European Political Science Review 1 #1 (February), 125-154.

Szpiro, George G.  2010.  Numbers Rule: The Vexing Mathematics of Democracy from Plato to the Present (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

 

Development and Democracy (2000) and Reactions to It (April 18)

Required:

Przeworski, et al., in its entirety. 

Boix, Carles and Susan C. Stokes.  2003.  “Endogenous Democratization,” World Politics 55 #4 (July), 517-549. 

Epstein, David L., et al.  2006.  “Democratic Transitions,” American Journal of Political Science 50 #3 (July), 551-569. 

 

V. Democratization as Improving Democracy

Community and Participation (April 25)

Required:

Dahl, chs. 22-23. 

Tocqueville, Alexis de.  1840.  Democracy in America, any version.[1]  Read vol. II, 2nd book (or Part 2), chs. 4-5, 7: “How Americans Combat Individualism,” “On the Use That Americans Make,” and “Relations Between.”  

Etzioni, Amitai.  1990.  “The Responsive Communitarian Platform.”  Available on-line at: http://communitariannetwork.org/about-communitarianism/responsive-communitarian-platform/.

Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel and Sara M. Shumer.  1982.  “On Participation,” Democracy 2 #4 (Fall), 43-54.  

Putnam, Robert D. 1995.  “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital,” Journal of Democracy 6 #1 (January), 65-78.   *Also in D&P, ch. 8.

Foley, Michael W. and Bob Edwards.  1996.  “The Paradox of Civil Society,” Journal of Democracy 7 #3 (July), 38-52. 

Wnuk-Lipinski, Edmund.  2007.  “Civil Society and Democratization,” in Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior (New York: Oxford University Press), 675-692. {online}

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Keane, John.  1988.  Democracy and Civil Society: On the Predictions of European Socialism, the Prospects for Democracy and the Problem of Controlling Social and Political Power (New York: Verso).

Cohen, Jean and Andrew Arato.  1992.  Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge: MIT Press).

Seligman, Adam B.  1992.  The Idea of Civil Society (New York: Free Press).

Seidenfeld, Mark.  1992.  “A Civic Republican Justification for the Bureaucratic State,” Harvard Law Review 105, 1511-1557.

Skocpol, Theda and Morris Fiorina.  1999.  Civic Engagement in American Democracy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press).

Putnam, Robert D.  2000.  Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster).

Edwards, Bob, Michael W. Foley and Mario Diani, eds.  2001.  Beyond Tocqueville: Civil Society and the Social Capital Debate in Comparative Perspective (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England).

Putnam, Robert D., ed.,  2002.  Democracies in Flux : The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society (New York: Oxford University Press).

Skocpol, Theda.  2003.  Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press).

Howard, Philip N.  2011.  The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam (New York: Oxford University Press).

 

Deliberation (May 2)

Required:

Cohen, Joshua.  1998.  “Democracy and Liberty,” in Jon Elster, ed., Deliberative Democracy (New York: Cambridge University Press), 185-231. 

Shapiro, Ian.  1999.  “Enough of Deliberation: Politics is About Interests and Power,” in Stephen Macedo, ed., Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement (New York: Oxford University Press), 28-38. {online}  

Chambers, Simon.  2003.  “Deliberative Democratic Theory,” Annual Review of Political Science 6, 307-326. 

Ryfe, David M.  2005.  “Does Deliberative Democracy Work?” Annual Review of Political Science 8 #1 (June), 49-71.  Neblo, Michael A., et al.  2010.  “Who Wants To Deliberate?  And Why?” American Political Science Review 104 #03 (August), 566-583. 

 

Additional Readings on this Topic:

Habermas, Jurgen.  1996.  Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), originally published in 1992.

Chambers, Simone.  1995.  “Discourse and Democratic Practices,” in Stephen K. White, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Habermas (New York: Cambridge University Press), 233‑259.

Habermas, Jurgen.  1995.  “Reconciliation Through the Public Use of Reason: Remarks on John Rawls’s Political Liberalism,” Journal of Philosophy 92 #3 (March), 109‑131.

Rawls, John. 1995. “Political Liberalism: Reply to Habermas,” Journal of Philosophy 92 #3 (March), 132-180.

Gutmann, Amy and Dennis F. Thompson.  1996.  Democracy and Disagreement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

Benhabib, Seyla ed.  1996.  Democracy and Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press). 

the rest of Jon Elster, ed.  1998.  Deliberative Democracy (New York: Cambridge University Press).

the rest of Stephen Macedo, ed.  1999.  Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement (New York: Oxford University Press).

von Schomberg, Rene and Kenneth Baynes, eds.  2002.  Discourse and Democracy : Essays on Habermas’s Between Facts and Norms (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).

Fishkin, James S.  2009.  When People Speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation (New York: Oxford University Press).

Landwehr, Claudia and Katharina Holzinger.  2010.  “Institutional Determinants of Deliberative Interaction,” European Political Science Review 2 #3 (October), 373-400.

 

èFinal version of papers due May 9.

 


[1]I have put on reserve two recent versions with different translations.  I recommend you not read the online versions available from the Library.  They use the original translation from the mid-1800s.