30:159, Authoritarian Politics
Spring 2011, 61 Schaeffer Hall, 1:05 – 2:20 pm Tuesdays and Thursdays

Professor William M. Reisinger
317 Schaeffer Hall     Office phone: 335-2351
william-reisinger@uiowa.edu
Office Hours:   2:30 – 4:00 T,Th (or by appointment)

Teaching assistant: Ms. Hyemin Yoo
323 Schaeffer Hall     Office phone: 335-2319
hyemin-yoo@uiowa.edu
Office Hours: 4:30-5:30 W and 10:00-12:00 Th (or by appointment)

 

Background     Authoritarian regimes violate the democratic values of freedom and equality; that is, they repress their citizens’ personal and political liberties and/or treat part of the populace unjustly.  In some cases, the repression is modest, and living conditions are tolerable.  Too frequently, however, authoritarianism has allowed or encouraged mass violence, rampant corruption and large-scale destitution.  Nor is authoritarian rule rare: at present, over half of the people in the world live under regimes that are entirely or substantially authoritarian.  Even in some countries with competitive elections for office, the democracy is a hybrid with authoritarianism.  Understanding politics in the world today requires knowing about politics under authoritarian rule. 

 

My goals for your learning     You should learn more about what distinguishes democracies from different types of authoritarian regimes.  You should enhance your knowledge of the political dynamics characterizing authoritarian regimes and how they differ from corresponding dynamics in democracies.  These political dynamics include the goals and behaviors of both political elites and ordinary citizens.  You will have opportunities to reflect on tendencies toward or away from authoritarianism in our world.

 

Assigned Readings     Most class sessions have one or more assigned readings.  The assigned material is important for your learning.  Completing the readings at the appropriate time will boost your class participation score because I will begin some class sessions with quizzes on the assigned material and several of the readings will be the focus of classroom discussions and other activities.  Also, portions of both tests will ask you to show your knowledge of the readings.  Note that the length of the assigned readings varies from one class session to another.  Look ahead now and spread out your reading as necessary. 

 

All assigned books, or readings from books, are on reserve in the Library (1st floor, south end).  The assigned readings that are available electronically are on the course ICON site, in the content section.  They are noted with {I}.  A small number of required readings are from books not available for purchase.  You can check them out from the reserve room and make your own copies at little cost.  Or, I have arranged for them to be in a course pack that you can purchase if you prefer the convenience.  These items are noted with {CP}.

 

The following are on sale at Iowa Book:

·         Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes, 2nd ed. (2009).

·         Royko, Boss (1971).

·         Course pack, with copies of the required book chapters

 

Note that, in addition to the assigned readings (listed below by class session), you will also have to read another book in its entirety for the second paper assignment.  You will be able to choose this book from the three below.  I have ordered copies of them, but you may want to get more information about the second paper assignment before choosing which one to purchase.

·         Alvarez, In the Time of the Butterflies (1995).

·         Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale (1985). 

·         Foden, The Last King of Scotland (1998).

The following is on sale as an optional purchase: 

·         Williams, Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace, 3rd ed. (2008) .  I recommend this book’s advice for improving your prose. 

 

I would like to hear from anyone in this class who has a disability which may require some modification of the seating, testing or other class requirements.  Please see me after class or during my office hours.

 

Classroom Etiquette     Try to be on time.  If you can’t be, come in quietly.  Cell phones, iPods, and Mp3 players cannot be on during class.  If you use a laptop for note taking, mute the sound and avoid using the laptop for things that will distract/annoy your neighbors or take your own attention away from the class. 

 

Interacting with the Instructor     I encourage you to speak with me before or after class, as well as to send me e-mail messages.  Walk with me from class to my office for office hours if you want to speak at more length or without others present.  And feel free to request an appointment outside the scheduled office hours if they conflict with other classes or work. 

 

ASSIGNMENTS

Important Dates:

·         Thursday, March 10: In-class exam

·         Tuesday, March 29, by 12:00 noon: 1st paper assignment due

·         Tuesday, April 26, by 12:00 noon: 2nd paper assignment due

·         Tuesday, May 10, 7:30 – 9:30 am (in regular classroom): Final examination

 

Components of Your Course Grade:

1)       An in-class examination which will requires you to answer objective questions about course readings and material presented in class.  It is worth 20% of the course grade.  It will cover assigned readings and in-class presentations and discussions.  I will post more details about the exam on ICON along with suggestions for preparations.  Per University policy, you may take a make-up exam when illness, mandatory religious obligations, or other unavoidable circumstances or University activities cause you to miss the in-class exam.  You are responsible to inform me as soon as possible about the reasons for missing the exam and to give me appropriate documentation.  (Doing this before the exam—and, in the case of scheduled University activities, long before the exam‑‑is much appreciated.)

2)       Two writing assignments, each worth 20% of the course grade.  A more detailed explanation of each assignment will be posted on ICON.  These assignments should follow conventions of academic writing.  (See the document on the course’s ICON site entitled “Suggestions For Writing Academic Papers.”)  If an essay is late, substantially incomplete, or otherwise unsatisfactory, I will deduct points. 

3)       The final examination will be cumulative and closed-book, 2 hours in length.  This exam is worth 30% of the course grade. 

4)       Class participation, worth 10% of the course grade.  I will base the participation score on attendance, contributions to class discussions, occasional quizzes (announced or unannounced) and other in-class activities.

 

I will assign course grades with plusses and minuses.  Each component of the course grade will receive a numerical score, on the 90-80-70 scale, and the weighted average of the component scores will determine the course grade.  I will indicate the letter-grade equivalents of each component’s numerical score, but you should treat those as approximations; the calculation of the course grade will be based on the numbers. 

 

Note: I will give a grade of Incomplete for the course only when extreme and unavoidable circumstances prevent you from taking the final examination.  Let me know about those circumstances just as soon as possible. 

 

LECTURE TOPICS AND ASSIGNED READINGS

Introduction  (Tuesday, January 18)

States and Societies  (January 20 – 25)

Thursday, January 20: The State. 

{CP}Linz and Stepan.  1996.  Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, ch. 1. 

 

Tuesday, January 25: Societies, Civil and Otherwise. 

{I}Candland.  2001.  “Civil Society,” in The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World, 2nd ed.      

 

Democracy (January 27 – February 8)

Thursday, January 27: The Concept. 

{CP}Sorensen.  2007.  Democracy and Democratization, 3rd ed., ch. 1. 

 

Tuesday, February 1: Democracy-in-Practice. 

{I}Schmitter and Karl. 1991. “What Democracy Is. . . And Is Not.” Journal of Democracy 2 #3, 75-88.     

 

Thursday, February 3: Can Authoritarianism Be Justifiable?  

{I}Zakharia.  1994.  Culture Is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew,” Foreign Affairs 73 #2 (Mar.-Apr.), 109-126.  èRead pp. 109-114 and from the bottom of p. 117 (beginning with “FZ: Culture may be important”) through p. 119.   

{I}Sen. 1999. “Democracy as a Universal Value,” Journal of Democracy 10 #3, 3‑17.    

 

Tuesday, February 8: Trends in Democratization/Authoritarianization.

Brooker, Introduction. 

 

How Authoritarian Regimes Attain and Maintain Power (February 10 – March 8)

Thursday, February 10: Who Rules, How do They Rule and On What Basis?   

Brooker, all of ch. 1 and pp. 238-251 in ch. 8. 

{I}Gleason.  2001.  “Totalitarianism,” in The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World, 2nd ed.      

 

Tuesday, February 15: Monarchies and Sultanistic Regimes  

Brooker, ch. 2. 

 

Thursday, February 17: Military Regimes   

{I}Welch.  2001.  “Coup d’état,” in The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World, 2nd ed.     

Brooker, ch. 3 and pp. 148-156 in ch. 5. 

 

Tuesday, February 22: One-Party Regimes  

Brooker, ch. 4. and pp. 156‑161 in ch. 5. 

 

Thursday, February 24: Theocracies. 

{I}Weber.  2007.  “Theocracy,” in Wuthnow, ed., Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion, 877-879.    

 

Tuesday, March 1: Authoritarian Institutions   

{I}Gandhi, Jennifer and Adam Przeworski.  2007.  “Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats,” Comparative Political Studies 40 #11 (November), 1279-1301. 

 

Thursday, March 3: Legitimacy and Power  

 

Tuesday, March 8: Legitimacy and Power (cont.)

Brooker, pp. 130-148 in ch. 5. 

 

Thursday, March 10: In-Class Exam 

 

How Authoritarian Regimes Ensure They Win Elections (March 22 – 29)

Tuesday, March 22: The Menu of Techniques   

{I}Calingaert.  2006.  “Election Rigging and How to Fight It,” Journal of Democracy 17 #3 (July), 138-151.     

{I}Levy.  2010a.  “Elections in Siberia Show Russia’s Drift to Single Party,” New York Times, December 11, A1.  

{I}Levy.  2010b.  “Wide Swings in Turnout Viewed as One Sign of Russian Vote Fraud,” New York Times, December 11, A11.  

 

Thursday, March 24: Machine Politics and Patronage.  

{I}Clapham.  2001.  “Patron-Client Politics,” in The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World, 2nd ed.  

{I}Keiser.  2001.  “Political Machine,” in The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World, 2nd ed. 

{I}Mikhailov, V.V.  2010.  “Authoritarian Regimes of Russia and Tatarstan: Coexistence and Subjection,” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 26 #4 (December), 471-493.   

 

Tuesday, March 29: Twentieth-Century Chicago.

Royko, Boss, in its entirety. 

èFirst writing assignment due, March 29, by 12:00 noon.

Governance Under Authoritarian Regimes (March 31 – April 7)

Thursday, March 31: Policymaking.

Brooker, pp. 171(bottom)–196 in ch. 6. 

 

Tuesday, April 5: Courts. 

{I}Solomon.  2007.  “Courts and Judges in Authoritarian Regimes,” World Politics 60 #1, 122-45.    

{CP}Constable and Valenzuela.  1991.  A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet, ch. 5.  

 

Thursday, April 7: Big Business 

{CP}Rose-Ackerman.  1999.  Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform, ch. 3.

{I}Friedman.  2006.  “The First Law of Petropolitics,” Foreign Policy 154, 28‑36.   

 

Personal Life and Civil Society Under Authoritarianism (April 12 - 28)

Tuesday, April 12: Authoritarian Values   

{I}Berlin.  1981.  “Notes on Prejudice,” in Myers, ed., The Democracy Reader (2002), 90-93.    

{I}Michnik.  1996.  “Gray is Beautiful: Thoughts on Democracy in Central Europe,” in Myers, ed., The Democracy Reader (2002), 193-196.   

{I}Solzhenitsyn.  1974.  “Live Not by Lies,” in Ravitch and Thernstrom, eds., The Democracy Reader (1992), 207-210.    

{I}Brodsky.  1986 (1984).  “A Commencement Address,” in Less Than One: Selected Essays, 384‑392.    

 

Thursday, April 14: Public Rituals and Citizen Involvement  

{I}Seligmann, Davison and McDonald.  2003.  Daily Life in Hitler’s Germany (New York: Thomas Dunne Books), ch. 4.    

 

Tuesday, April 19: Organization 

{I}Mandela.  1964.  “Statement at the Rivonia Trial,” in Ravitch and Thernstrom, eds., The Democracy Reader (1992), 284-287.    

{CP}Tilly. 2004. Social Movements, 1768-2004, ch. 1.  

{I}Paul.  2001.  “Non-Governmental Organizations,” in The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World, 2nd ed.     

 

Thursday, April 21: Mass Media 

{I}Havel.  1977.  “The Power of the Powerless,” in Ravitch and Thernstrom, eds., The Democracy Reader (1992), 238-242.   

 

Tuesday, April 26: The Power of the Powerless. 

èSecond writing assignment due, April 26, by 12:00 noon.

 

Thursday, April 28: Connections, Corruption, Withdrawal. 

{I}Di Franceisco and Gitelman.  1984.  “Soviet Political Culture and ‘Covert Participation’ in Policy Implementation,” American Political Science Review 78 #3, 603‑21.     

 

Looking Ahead (May 3– 5)

Tuesday, May 3: Is Democracy Building Possible? 

{CP}Sorensen.  2007.  Democracy and Democratization, 3rd ed., ch. 4.    

 

Thursday, May 5: What is the Future of Authoritarianism?

Brooker, ch. 9. 

 

Tuesday, May 10, 7:30 – 9:30 am: Final Examination