News Futures:
Multi-Channel Journalism

Special Libraries Association, News Division
Baltimore, June 2006
Jane B. Singer, University of Iowa

The news profession and the news business are changing dramatically to accommodate a digital, networked, open media environment containing millions of free information sources.

Challenges include:

* Multi-platform storytelling ("convergence").

As media become digital, their forms intermingle. Text, photos, audio and video, for instance, are no longer distinct formats but merely different arrangements of bits.

Journalists must be able to communicate across formats (and able to determine which format is best for which story or which aspect of a story). Archived material also must be available and easily retrievable in multiple forms.

* Participatory, "open-source" news.

News producers are no longer distinguishable from news consumers. In an open-access, low-cost, networked environment, anyone can be a publisher.

Traditional news media become merely one source of information among millions. And each one of those millions is equally easy to access. Journalists no longer have privileged access to distribution channels.

* A desire for personalized information.

Even when they are not seeking to generate their own information, people expect to be able to personalize the information that traditional news sources provide. They become “co-producers” of media content.

They also expect to be able to modify the format of that information, for instance by accessing it through a variety of devices. People get news in different ways at different times of the day.

* Unprecedented and intense competition for people’s time and dollars.

Time available for media use is divided among unlimited information options.

So much info -- especially about current issues or events -- is freely available that charging for it either directly (by subscription) or indirectly (through advertising) is problematic.

The handout from the Project for Excellence in Journalism lists six major trends identified in the organization's State of the News Media 2006 report.

These are in addition to earlier trends:

* That the traditional model of journalism — the press as verifier — is giving way to other models that are faster, looser and cheaper.

* To adapt, journalism must move in the direction of making its work more transparent and more expert and widening the scope of its searchlight.

* Those who would manipulate the press and the public are gaining leverage over the journalists who cover them.
* Convergence is more inevitable and less threatening the more one looks at audience data.
All this leads to great uncertainty for media organizations.