The Industrial Revolution

• How to name periods of history
• Means of production  
•  Primacy of Land
• Rent
• Transparency of the Exploitation
• Land Tenure
  • ownership (freeholders)
  • long leases
  • copyhold
  • short leases
  • tenants at will
  • cottagers

Agricultural Laborers: wages

• Yearly Contracts: hiring fair
• Tied Cottages
• Family Labor: patriarchy
• Apprentices

Paupers: The English Poor Law of 1601

Indentured Servitude

Slavery

The British Empire

•  Growing Wealth
• Global Exploitation of Labor and Land
• Shipping Industry

Land Ownership and Output

Enclosure Movement

• Open Field System link link link
• Enclosure
• Cultivation of more land
• Risk sharing (cf. Ireland)
• Crop rotation
  • Legal System
  • Evictions
  • Coerced Contracts
  • Cottagers and Common Rights

Population Growth

• England and Wales
• 1700 6 million
• 1800 9 million
• Birth rate?
• Death rate?
• Age of marriage.
• Standard of Living?

Manufacturing

• artisans
• "putting-out" system
  • "Jimmy Squeezum"
• wool
• hours of labor: piece work
• "St. Monday"

Spinning

• Bottleneck
• Spinning Jenny
• James Watt
• Power Spinning
• The Factory

Weaving: another bottleneck

Growth of Handloom Weaving